Chemical & Biological Dynamics

"HAAs [haloacetic acids] from chlorine dioxide disinfection process are mainly DCAA, CBAA and DBAA" "ClO2 is a strong oxidant rather than chlorinating agent, which means during disinfection, small amounts of THMs are generated compared to chlorine or chloramine disinfection. However, ClO2 disinfection process produces more HAAs (primarily DCAA, CBAA and DBAA). ClO2 inorganic disinfection byproducts ClO-2, ClO-3 and BrO-3 have high potential toxicity at high-dose or high concentrations, wherein ClO-2 can cause hemolytic anemia"

In principle, it should be possible to generate chlorine dioxide by photochemical means. This could provide access to a powerful antiseptic reagent in remote locations using sunlight as the only energy input. Several putative ways to produce chlorine dioxide are considered and an analytical protocol is devised for quantitative determination. It is concluded that a practical set-up could be engineered for the in-situ production of chlorine dioxide in aqueous solution."

****!!!!**** "Influenza viruses were reduced by 99.9% by 0.5–1.0 mg/L of ClO2 in less than 5 min. Higher concentration (20 mg/L) eliminated SARS-CoV-2 from sewage. ClO2 concentrations from 0.2 to 1.0 mg/L ensured at least a 99% viral reduction of AD40, HAV, Coxsackie B5 virus, and other enteric viruses in less than 30 min. Considering bloodborne viruses, 30 mg/L of ClO2 can eliminate them in 5 min. Bloodborne viruses (HIV-1, HCV, and HBV) may be completely eliminated from medical devices and human fluids after a treatment with 30 mg/L of ClO2 for 30 min. In conclusion, ClO2 is a versatile virucidal agent suitable for different environmental matrices."

****!!!!****!!!!*** Cases, studies and research involving Chlorine Dioxide (CL02).

{Taiko} "solute includes dissolved chlorine dioxide and chlorite; and a solution composition encapsulating body including a glass vessel or enameled vessel and the chlorine dioxide solution composition hermetically sealed therein."

****!!!!****!!!!*** {Cleverin}

****!!!!**** "WHITE PAPERS, AND APPLICATION NOTES"

The two glass parts of the apparatus are held together by a pair of extension clamps (not shown in the Figure) which are fixed to a support stand by clamp holders. The active cross-section of the membranes is 28 cm2.

(1969)

Norway's Baerum Water Works experimented with chlorine dioxide as a water disinfectant when it was found that chlorine often caused taste and odor problems.

This article begins by reviewing the chemical properties of Cl02, and goes on to discuss a study to determine whether a titration test could be devised with an amperometric endpoint more specific for...

(1958) "Solubility of chlorine dioxide has been measured at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40°C. "

Bello Zon® CDLb H2SO4 especially for applications critical with regard to corrosion for the production of low-chloride chlorine dioxide liquid. With the chlorine dioxide system, ClO2 is produced discontinuously following the acid / chlorite procedure.

Journal of Physical Chemistry. a 109(24): 5382-5387

Journal of Physical Chemistry. a 117(38): 9120-9126

Journal of Food Science 52: 06-11

****!!!!*** "Studies were conducted to evaluate chlorine dioxide reactivity with proteins and the role of these reactions in the inactivation of the bacterial virus f2" "The loss of protein specific attachment function nearly paralleled intact virus inactivation with 1.2 log units of attachment inhibition occurring within 30 s. The inactivation of virus and the inhibition of specific attachment both increased with increasing pH and increasing disinfectant concentration. Inactivation of f2 was hypothesized to occur as the result of chlorine dioxide reacting with discrete chemical moieties in the viral protein. Cysteine, tyrosine and tryptophan reacted with chlorine dioxide within a time frame that could affect viral inactivation." "Only tyrosine reacted with chlorine dioxide following treatment of the intact virion with disinfectant. Even though the degradation of tyrosine residues occurred at a much slower rate than the rate of virus inactivation, the protein component of f2 virus appeared to be the site of the lethal lesion produced by chlorine dioxide. These tyrosine reactions with chlorine dioxide appeared to alter the virus such that specific attachment was inhibited."

"The reduction of ClO(2) to ClO(2)(-) by aqueous iron(II) in 0.5 M HClO(4) proceeds by both outer-sphere (86%) and inner-sphere (14%) electron-transfer pathways."

Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is currently being considered as an alternate to chlorine as a disinfectant for water treatment. Many organic compounds presen…

"Only a few amino acids reacted with aqueous ClO2. The reaction also followed pseudo-first order kinetics. Reactions of three peptides and two proteins with aqueous chlorine and ClO2 at pH 6.0 were also studied. Except for aspartame, they reacted rapidly with both chlorine compounds."

The photodissociation OClO(Ã 2A2)→ClO(X̃ 2Π)+O(3P) was studied at wavelengths between 306 and 370 nm using photofragment translational energy spectroscopy. The flight time distributions and anisotr...

Abstract Previous pump–probe experiments on the OClO molecule are analyzed and a consistent interpretation of the experimental observations is proposed. We demonstrate that a direct observation of the very weak 2 A 1 state of OClO is possible with a proper femtosecond pulse, and suggest that it is necessary to introduce an accidental resonance of the probe pulse with the highly excited D or E states for understanding the observed distinct photodissociation dynamics of the 2 A 2 state using pump pulses of slightly different wavelengths. A transient abnormal peak, observed in the OClO + ion signal after a stronger excitation, is also convincingly interpreted.

Applying the coincident detection of photoions and photoelectrons with femtosecond time resolution we have analyzed the energetics and the dynamics of…

Using resonant-enhanced multiphoton ionization combined with the time-of-flight method, the photodissociation OClO(Ã 2A2)→ClO(X 2Π)+O(3P) was investig…

Because of environmental concerns about molecular chlorine, chlorine dioxide is replacing chlorine in some important industrial applications. This sit…